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Sydney Grammar School

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Coordinates: 33°52′29″S 151°12′47″E / 33.87472°S 151.21306°E / -33.87472; 151.21306
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Sydney Grammar School
'Big School'
Location
Map
Darlinghurst, Edgecliff and St Ives, Sydney
,
New South Wales

Australia
Coordinates33°52′29″S 151°12′47″E / 33.87472°S 151.21306°E / -33.87472; 151.21306
Information
TypeIndependent, day school
MottoLatin: Laus Deo
(Praise be to God)
Religious affiliation(s)None
Established1857; 167 years ago (1857)[1]
FounderLaurence Hynes Halloran
ChairmanProfessor Eric Knight [2]
HeadmasterR. B. Malpass
Staff63 (Darlinghurst),[3]
15 (Edgecliff),[3]
21 (St Ives)[3]
Teaching staff153 (Darlinghurst),[3]
52 (Edgecliff),[3]
47 (St Ives)[3]
GenderBoys
Enrolment1,152 (Darlinghurst),[3]
306 (Edgecliff),[3]
413 (St Ives)[3] (2011)
Colour(s)Black and gold
AthleticsAAGPS
AlumniOld Sydneians
School songCarmen Sydneiense
Websitewww.sydgram.nsw.edu.au

Sydney Grammar School (SGS, colloquially known as Grammar)[4] is an independent, non-denominational day school for boys, located in Sydney, Australia.

Incorporated in 1854 by an Act of Parliament[5] and opened in 1857, the school claims to offer "classical" or "grammar" school education thought of as liberal, humane, pre-vocational pedagogy.[4]

As of 2006, Sydney Grammar School had an enrolment of approximately 1,841 students from kindergarten to Year 12, over three campuses.[6] The two preparatory schools (K to 6), are located at Edgecliff in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs,[7] and St Ives, on the Upper North Shore.[8] The College Street campus caters for students from Forms I to VI (Years 7–12), and is located in Darlinghurst.

The school is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA),[9] Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA),[10] Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference,[11] and is a founding member of the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales (AAGPS).[12]

As of 2019, it was ranked the 3rd most expensive school in Australia with an average annual school fee of $36,615 per student.[13]

History

[edit]

Foundation

[edit]
Collectible Cigarette card featuring the Grammar colours and crest, c. 1910s

The Sydney Public Free Grammar School was opened in 1825 by Laurence Hynes Halloran, born County Meath, Ireland (1765–1831). Previously, Halloran had operated a private school in Exeter, England, however fled in 1796 due to debts, after being accused of immorality. It subsequently emerged that his degrees (in divinity) were self-awarded. He eventually returned to Britain but was arrested for forgery and transported to the penal colony of New South Wales, arriving there in 1819. He was immediately granted a ticket-of-leave.[citation needed]

In 1854, Sydney Grammar School (SGS) was incorporated by an Act of Parliament[5] and acquired the land and building in College Street which had been temporarily occupied by the newly founded University of Sydney in 1852. It was opened on 3 August 1857, specifically as a feeder school for the university.

The preamble of the Sydney Grammar School Act 1854 states:

It is deemed expedient for the better advancement of religion and morality and the promotion of useful knowledge to establish in Sydney a public school for conferring on all classes and denominations of Her Majesty’s subjects resident in the Colony of New South Wales without any distinction whatsoever the advantages of a regular and liberal course of education.[14]

The act provides that the trustees of the school shall consist of twelve persons, of whom six shall be persons holding the following offices respectively:

The act also provides that the Governor of New South Wales shall be the official visitor of the school.[citation needed]

Site history

[edit]
Hyde Park with Sydney Grammar School (at that time Sydney College) in the distance, 1842

Sydney Grammar School is the oldest school still in use in the City of Sydney, and is historically the site on which the University of Sydney began. The school buildings also contain examples of early building materials and techniques in pre-Federation Australia.[15]

The site was founded as The Sydney College in 1830, and the following year began operations in a new building in Hyde Park designed by Edward Hallen. It consisted of a single large room (now known as "Big School") with basement rooms beneath. Sydney College continued despite financial difficulties until 1853, when it was taken over by the fledgling University of Sydney until such time as the present Grose Farm site was ready for occupation. The site was then sold in 1856 to the trustees of the newly incorporated Sydney Grammar School, which had been established and endowed with a building fund by Act of Parliament. Edmund Blacket was commissioned to design extensions to the south and north of the Hallen building (now the North and South Blacket rooms), which were completed in 1856 and 1857 respectively. The "Big School" building became central to the Colonial Architect, James Barnet's vision for the cultural focus of Sydney Town.[16][non-primary source needed]

Sydney Grammar School at night

The War Memorial wing, named for its position behind Big School's monument to the Great War, was built at the northern end of Big School in 1953 by the Scott brothers, at the cost of its double staircase. In 1876, the main building was extended to the east by Mansfield Brothers, and this extension was itself extended to the north and south in 1899 by John W Manson. The Science classrooms on Stanley Street were built in 1889–90. Other early buildings on the site, now demolished, included the Sergeant's Lodge, an ablutions block (known as the "White House") on Stanley Street, and a former postal sorting office on Yurong Street (now the Palladium building).[citation needed]

Today

[edit]

Sydney Grammar is a private school.[17] Each year up to 26 full scholarships are offered to students who show academic promise and who perform well in the scholarship examination. It is also regarded for its strong academic results: for example, in national government testing ('NAPLAN' testing), it is one of the best performing private school nationwide,[18] and a high performer in the New South Wales Higher School Certificate with over 50% of graduates receiving a 95 ATAR ('Australian Tertiary Admissions Ranking') or higher between 2009 to 2023.[19]

Sydney Grammar is located near the Sydney central business district. The campus is compact and consists of multi-storey buildings (of up to eight floors) in a concrete landscape setting. Sydney Grammar is situated on the eastern side of Sydney's Hyde Park, next to the Australian Museum, and extends from College Street to Yurong Street. The designs of the school's buildings illustrate many different architectural eras: "Big School" (dating from the early 19th century colonial era), the Blacket buildings (annexed onto either side of "Big School" and completed in the 1850s), the original Science building (1891), the Science laboratory block (1960s), the Palladium building (an example of 1970s Modernist architecture), the Stanley Street building and Alastair Mackerras Theatre (1980s), and the A. B. 'Banjo' Paterson Library (1990s).

Weigall Sports Ground overlook

Weigall, the school's sportsground (named after former Headmaster Albert Bythesea Weigall), is located at Rushcutters Bay next to the Edgecliff Preparatory School and includes tennis courts, cricket nets and three fields for cricket, rugby and football. It is routinely used for Saturday sports matches, physical education and as a recreational area for Grammar's Edgecliff Preparatory School next door. There is also a large gymnasium at College Street and full rowing facilities at the school's boatshed at Gladesville.[20]

In May 2005, Headmaster John Vallance announced that the school would lead a consortium to purchase 30 Alma Street Paddington, known as White City, from Tennis New South Wales, thus extending the Weigall grounds substantially.[21] In 2006, development applications to subdivide the White City tennis courts (numbered DA 20/2006 and DA 302/2006) were lodged with Woollahra Council to develop the site to accommodate more tennis and basketball courts; these were subsequently passed.[citation needed]

On 14 June 2008 the new field now known as Weigall 4 was opened with a range of guests including Frank Lowy, president of Football Federation Australia.[citation needed]

In 2009, the school began the construction of a new, underground multi-purpose hall featuring a seating capacity of over 1,500 seats, now called the John Vallance Hall (formerly The New Hall from its opening until 2017).[22] Completed in August 2011, it was primarily designed to accommodate the entirety of the current students and teaching staff under one roof while being acoustically sound for orchestral performances.[citation needed] The hall was officially opened by the headmaster on 18 August 2011 with a celebratory concert featuring performances from a large number of Grammar boys past and present. The John Vallance Hall is now used by the two preparatory schools as well.[citation needed]

Headmasters

[edit]

The current headmaster of Sydney Grammar School is Richard Malpass, who replaced John Vallance when he resigned on 7 April 2017.

Years Sydney College
1825–1827 Laurence Hynes Halloran
1835–1841 William Timothy Cape
1841–1846 Thomas Henry Braim, MA
1847–1849 David Patterson
1850 Charles Woodward, LLB
Years Sydney Grammar School
1857–1866 William John Stephens, MA
1867–1912 Albert Bythesea Weigall, CMG, MA
1913–1920 Henry Newman Penrose Sloman, MC, MA
1920–1923 Arthur Henry Shakespeare Lucas, MA, BSc
1923–1939 Herbert Stanley Dettmann, MA, BCL
1940–1950 Frederick George Phillips, MA
1951–1964 Colin Oswald Healey, OBE, TD, MA
1965–1968 Samuel Peter Truman Houldsworth, MA, DipEd
1969–1989 Alastair MacLaurin Mackerras, AO, MA
1989–1999 Ralph Douglas Townsend, MA, D.Phil
1999–2017[23] John Taber Vallance, MA, PhD
2017– August 2025 Richard Malpass, BA, DipEd, PhD

Co-curriculum

[edit]

Music

[edit]

SGS has won the AMEB Music Shield 23 times in the past 25 years.[24] Two-thirds of pupils in the school play a musical instrument or are involved with music in some way. SGS has scores of musical groups in mostly classical, chamber and jazz styles. The School Orchestra engages in both national and international tours. Grammar's choir program involves hundreds of students, old boys, and parents, participating in its many annual concerts. The school's senior a cappella group is known as The Grammarphones and is composed of the best tenors, basses and baritones in the senior years. The school's senior big band, the Sydney Grammar School Big Band, is a regular feature at the Manly Jazz Festival.

SGS embarked on a five-year program entitled "Bach: 2010", in which all the known choral cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach were performed in a series of concerts between 2005 and 2010.[25] Sydney Grammar is one of the few institutions in the world that has engaged in such an exercise and was aided by the Mander organ in the Big School.[26] A performance has been held every year since by head of practical music studies, Robert Wagner, on the Bach's birthday.[27]

Under the current Head Master, an organic rock-&-roll movement has emerged and is currently thriving. The end of 2004 saw the consummation of years of practice in the first Grammarpalooza rock concert, which included the musical style of Old Boy band, Dappled Cities Fly.

Sport

[edit]
Head of the River crew, 1934

Sydney Grammar School is a member of the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of NSW (GPS), Australia's oldest school sporting association. GPS sporting events include rugby union, football, cricket, tennis, volleyball, cross country, basketball, rowing, swimming, athletics, rifle shooting, and debating.[28][29] The school also competes in fencing and chess[30] competitions.

Grammar participates in the annual Tri-Grammar competitions, a series of cricket competitions between the Firsts teams of Sydney Grammar School, Melbourne Grammar School and Brisbane Grammar School. Sydney and Melbourne Grammar School also compete for "The Bat" in the same competition. The Sydney–Melbourne match dates back to 1876, and in 1976, to mark the centenary of this rivalry, a "Bat" was struck, with the winner of the annual match taking possession. The bat was donated by John Crawford, the father of the captain of the 1976 premiership winning side Andrew Crawford.

The school launched its rowing program in 1878, and has maintained it since.[31] Competition in rowing culminates in the Riverview Gold Cup for Junior Crews and the Head of the River for Senior Crews. Grammar's boatshed is on the Parramatta River at Gladesville.

On 2 April 2011, Sydney Grammar School first eight won the Major Rennie Trophy at the AAGPS Head of the River.[32] This marked the first victory for the school since 1978. In its history, Grammar has won the race sixteen times, the most after the Shore School. Many rowers have gone on to row in Varsity Crews at a university level.[33] In the 2014–2015 Harvard University rowing roster, Sydney Grammar had the most rowers out of any high school globally and two Sydney Grammar rowers were in Harvard's top crew (First Varsity Eight).[34]

Academic extension

[edit]

The school operates academic extension programmes in both sciences and humanities, which includes olympiad programmes and hosting visiting scholars who spend time teaching and giving a public lecture. Notable scholars have included metaethicist Simon Blackburn, science and medical historian Sir Geoffrey Lloyd, zoologist Andrew Parker, astronomer and 1999 Young Australian of the Year Bryan Gaensler, historian Sir Christopher Clark, professor of English Dame Marina Warner, professor of Greek Richard Hunter, and composer Robin Holloway.[35]

Pyrimethamine structure

As part of an academic extension activity, a group of year 11 students attempted to prepare the medication pyrimethamine (sold as Daraprim) in 2016. Pyrimethamine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system, for both adults[36] and children.[37][38] It is used to treat toxoplasmosis,[39] cystoisosporiasis, and malaria (in combination with sulfadoxine).[40] It received significant attention when its manufacturer in the United States was acquired by Turing Pharmaceuticals, and its CEO Martin Shkreli decided to increase the price from US$13.50 to US$750 a dose.[41][42] Hence, a group of year 11 students from Grammar, supported by Matthew H. Todd from the University of Sydney and the Open Source Malaria consortium, have prepared pyrimethamine.[43] The students started with 17 g of (4-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile (which is available from Sigma-Aldrich for $36.50 per 100 g) and prepared 3.7 g of pyrimethamine, which is about US$110,000 at Turing's prices.[44]

Their work has attracted attention from around the world, being reported in The Independent,[45] the Daily Telegraph,[46] and BBC News[47] in the United Kingdom, the Washington Post,[48] New York Daily News,[49] and U.S. News & World Report[50] in the United States, among others.[51] By replacing expensive chemicals with alternatives available in a high school laboratory, they demonstrated that the synthesis can be carried out fairly simply and safely, and at a cost of approximately $2 per dose[52] (US$1.48[53]). Business magazine Forbes described the work as figuratively "punch[ing] Martin Shkreli in the face" and as raising questions about pharmaceutical companies which do not do substantial amounts of research.[53] Unfortunately, as a consequence of the closed distribution model which Turing employs in the United States, any competing company seeking to market a generic alternative to Daraprim (including using the approach the boys developed with their teacher) would need to compare their product with a sample of Daraprim provided directly by Turing; if Turing refuses to provide that sample, the competitor would need to undertake a complete new clinical trial,[46] which creates a prohibitive barrier to entering the market. The boys are quoted making comments highly critical of Shkreli's and Turing's behaviour,[43][47][52] and have been applauded on social media with comments that their work highlights Shkreli's greed, though he has minimised their achievement.[48]

Shkreli subsequently posted a video about the achievement, declaring his "delight" about students entering the STEM field, describing them as "proof that the 21st century economy will solve problems of human suffering through science and technology", and stating that "[w]e should congratulate these students for their interest in chemistry and all be excited about what is to come in the STEM-focused 21st century."[54] The students presented their work at the Royal Australian Chemical Institute's NSW Organic Chemistry symposium alongside students at fourth-year undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as well as postdoctoral researchers.[44]

Clubs and Societies

[edit]

The school has numerous clubs and societies for students. Notable examples include:

A number of boys also assist in editing the school's yearly almanac, The Sydneian,[55] over 400 editions of which have been produced since 1875.

Notable alumni

[edit]
Old Sydneians' Union Logo
Main article: List of Old Sydneians

Alumnus of Sydney Grammar School are commonly referred to as Old Boys or Old Sydneians,[58] and may elect to join the schools alumni association, the Old Sydneians' Union (OSU).[59][60]

Grammar is notable for having educated many Rhodes Scholars,[61][62][63] High Court judges (Australia's highest court) and the equal highest number of Australian Prime Ministers, out of any school in Australia. Its alumni also include influential figures in business, international sport, science and medicine, and the performing arts, like David Gonski (leading Australian philanthropist, chairman of the Future Fund, chancellor of the New South Wales) and Rowan Gillies (former international president of Médecins Sans Frontières).

Notable alumni also include Sir Edmund Barton, the first Prime Minister of Australia (1901–1903),[64] Sir William McMahon, 20th Prime Minister of Australia (1971–1972),[65] Malcolm Turnbull, 29th Prime Minister of Australia (2015–2018),[66] Bruce Gyngell, first person to appear on Australian television,[67] Andrew "Boy" Charlton, an Olympic gold medallist swimmer,[68] and also Banjo Paterson – bush poet and balladist, and author of "The Man From Snowy River" and "Waltzing Matilda," and who now has the school library named after him.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". New South Wales. School Choice. 2007. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  2. ^ "Trustees – Sydney Grammar School". Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
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  4. ^ a b Vallance, J.T. (2007). "Headmaster's Introduction". College St. Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007. If you think you might like to come to Grammar
  5. ^ a b "Sydney Grammar School Act 1854". New South Wales Consolidated Acts. AustLII. 10 May 1995. Archived from the original on 16 November 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
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  8. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". Participating schools. North Shore independent schools. 10 May 1995. Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
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  20. ^ Sport Sydney Grammar School
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  22. ^ "Our largest building project?" (PDF). Foundations. November 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
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  24. ^ "Sydney Grammar School Magazine". Winter 2018. p. 17. Archived from the original on 13 March 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  25. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". Conference Program – Sydney. Organ Historical Trust of Australia. 2005. Archived from the original on 14 March 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
  26. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". Portfolio. Mander Organs. 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
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  29. ^ "Debating". Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
  30. ^ "Chess". Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
  31. ^ http://www.rowinghistory-aus.info/club-histories/sydney/03-1.php Archived 11 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine Early rowing clubs
  32. ^ "AAGPS Head of the River Results 2011" (PDF). 2010 – 2011 Regatta Calendar. Rowing NSW. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
  33. ^ "Sydney Grammar School Magazine June 2012, see page 3". Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  34. ^ "Harvard University Heavyweight Roster 2014–2015". Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  35. ^ Academic Extension, Sydney Grammar School, 2016
  36. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (PDF) (19th ed.). World Health Organization. November 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  37. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (PDF) (5th ed.). World Health Organization. August 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  38. ^ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  39. ^ Hamilton, Richard J. (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2016 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 63. ISBN 9781284095289.
  40. ^ American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (8 February 2016). "Pyrimethamine". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  41. ^ Pollack, Andrew (20 September 2015). "Drug Goes From $13.50 a Tablet to $750, Overnight". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  42. ^ Mullin, Emily (21 December 2015). "Turing Pharma Says Daraprim Availability Will Be Unaffected By Shkreli Arrest". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  43. ^ a b Davey, Melissa (1 December 2016). "Australian students recreate Martin Shkreli price-hike drug in school lab". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  44. ^ a b Strom, Marcus (30 November 2016). "Sydney schoolboys take down Martin Shkreli, the 'most hated man in the world'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
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  46. ^ a b Palazzo, Chiara (2 December 2016). "Breaking good: Australian schoolboys reproduce Martin Shkreli-hiked drug for £1 a pill". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  47. ^ a b Dunlop, Greg (2 December 2016). "Martin Shkreli: Australian boys recreate life-saving drug". BBC Online. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  48. ^ a b Schmidt, Samantha (1 December 2016). "Sydney high school students 'show up' Martin Shkreli, recreating price-hiked pill for $2". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  49. ^ Salinger, Tobias (30 November 2016). "Australian high school boys create Martin Shkreli's price-hiked drug using $20 and science". The New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  50. ^ Dicker, Rachel (1 December 2016). "Australian High School Students Make Martin Shkreli's $750 Daraprim Drug for $2 per Pill". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  51. ^ Ghoshal, Arkadev (1 December 2016). "Take that, Pharma Bro: Australian students recreate $110,000 AIDS drug ingredient for $20". International Business Times (India Edition). Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
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  53. ^ a b Lee, Bruce Y. (1 December 2016). "High Schoolers Punch Martin Shkreli in the Face, Figuratively". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  54. ^ "Martin Shkreli responds to Sydney schoolboys who recreated drug in Daraprim". The Australian. 2 December 2016. Archived from the original on 20 May 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  55. ^ a b c d "Clubs and Societies". College Street. Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 21 January 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
  56. ^ "A brief history of 306 Squadron". About 306 Squadron. Australian Air Force Cadets. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
  57. ^ J. B. Windeyer (1976). "Albert Bythesea Weigall (1840–1912)". Weigall, Albert Bythesea (1840–1912). MUP. pp. 375–376. Archived from the original on 19 June 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2007. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  58. ^ "Old Sydneians' Union". College St. Sydney Grammar School. 2007. Archived from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  59. ^ "Old Sydneians' Union". Welcome. OSU Sydney Grammar School Old Sydneians' Union. 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  60. ^ "Membership". OSU Sydney Grammar School Old Sydneians' Union. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  61. ^ "Sydney Grammar School 26th Rhode Scholar in 2005". Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  62. ^ "News". The University of Sydney. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  63. ^ "Sydney Grammar School 28th Rhode Scholar in 2013". Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  64. ^ "Edmund Barton". Player Profile. cricinfoaustralia. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
  65. ^ "William McMahon". Fast Facts – Australia's Prime Ministers. National Archives of Australia. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
  66. ^ "Malcolm Turnbull: The man destined for the crown - 9news.com.au". 14 September 2015. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  67. ^ "GYNGELL, BRUCE". Archives. The Museum of Broadcast Communications. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
  68. ^ "Andrew "Boy" Charlton – An Australian Legend". Dive into spring. Sydney Media. 1 September 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2008.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Sheldon, J.S 1997. The Big School Room at Sydney Grammar School with an Account of the Decline & Fall of Sydney College. Sydney Grammar School Press, Sydney, NSW. ISBN 0-646-30507-7.
  • Turney, C. 1989. Grammar: A History of Sydney Grammar School 1819 – 1988. Allen & Unwin with Sydney Grammar School, Sydney, NSW. ISBN 0-04-910115-3.
[edit]
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